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Following Monday’s post, How to break out of the “course is the solution to every problem” mindset: make courses the exception rather than the rule, this is the third of three case studies that shows how courses are not the solution to every learning or performance problem. These case studies have been adapted from posts [.]. MORE
Reading yet another fictional case study rather than inspiring your own. I remember the sinking feeling those words triggered. You knew that you had lost their attention and they were resorting to diversionary tactics. So many documents are diversionary. Putting off doing something by writing a templated bit of business fluff. Faffing about with formatting and fonts rather than taking the leap and sharing what you have written. MORE
Let me set the context and then let excerpts from the emails tell the rest of the story. A company with a very good product (the leader in its category) asked its leading users to participate in a Beta program right around the time they were acquired. MORE
I find this format much more rewarding to read than your standard "good idea padded out with case studies" business book of which there are too many these days. I am currently romping my way through my preview copy of Hugh Macleod's new book Evil Plans. As with his previous book. MORE
They select a goal and begin studying it with the learning game Alexa described earlier. In addition, the user’s study progress needs to be synced back to the Smart.fm What if the user studied that same goal, or another one in the mean time… download that progress and figure out the user’s total progress across all goals. app that didn’t allow a user to study would be incomplete for sure. Case Study Part of the Smart.fm MORE
A few weeks ago I read a two-part interview with Astro’s GM Jeff Luhnow, - an excellent case study for any leader seeking to learn from the Astros’ transformation, including the challenges involved and how to overcome them. MORE
This evening I spoke at the Crowdfunding for Change event run by Avis Mulhall ‘s Think Act Change. The event kicked off with a presentations by Adam Chapnick , head of business development at seminal creative crowdfunding platform IndieGogo , and award-winning film director Gillian Leahy , followed by a panel consisting of myself together with Alan Crabbe, co-founder of leading Australian crowdfunding site Pozible , and Ryan Wardell, founder of ProjectPowerUp. MORE
SAP was kind enough to interview me and produce a case study related to the Pervasive Learning model at TELUS, and its alignment to culture and employee engagement. Christopher Koch, Editorial Director of the SAP Center for Business Insight, also wrote a post on LinkedIn touching on parts of the case study. You can download a copy of the case study by clicking here or on the graphic to the right. Pervasive Learning TELUS case study pervasive learning MORE
We are using brief case studies liberally through the book, however we need a few more to flesh it out. To offer your case study or experience, please use the contact form on crowdsourcingresults.com. We will attribute any case studies or quotes we use in the book to the person and company, and will check in with you if so on how we use it. MORE
Case studies demonstrate that some of the world''s largest companies are now making advanced use of social tools in the way that they work. Is Europe leading the way? Enterprise 2.0 MORE
Great case study information. Serena is Serene about Enterprise Facebook. Discusses Serena software's use of facebook and social media. GE’s Enterprise Collaboration Backbone | Collaboration 2.0 | ZDNet.com. MORE
Case Study Part of the Smart.fm iPhone App Story. We’ve been quiet lately, as we’ve been hard at work developing the Smart.fm iPhone app. Dan will be sharing more about his experiences soon! In the meantime, our friends at Smart.fm have proposed two panels for South by Southwest: Crash Course: Is E-ducation Making the Classroom Obsolete? and Going Mobile: Web to App Do’s and Don’ts. MORE
collaboration leadership case study CEO td canada trust tim hockey transparentI don’t own their shares. I have never worked for the company. I’m not aware of anyone within my strong or weak tie network that actually holds a position there either. The company I am referring to is TD Canada Trust. The CEO I’d like to highlight is Tim Hockey. Bottom line? He gets it. . Tim (may I call you Tim?) MORE
If you want to create a popular method put 10% of your effort into content, 30% into assembling some popular case studies using retrospective coherence to justify said content, and then 60% into the graphics and a snappy title. MORE
Working Knowledge , an online forum from HBS, gave Professor Emeritus Jim Heskett a platform to raise the issue of the relevance of case study instruction. Heskett’s original article noted that “The case method has become synonymous with education for management. Traditional cases have come under fire for being self-contained documents that describe a protagonist facing a decision with a set of packaged data available on which to base the decision.â€. MORE
We clustered these characteristics and then used these as starting points for imagining use cases for the iPhone app. We voted on the top use cases and clustered them based on the mental “mode&# a user would be in when engaging in that activity: Are they in a “Study&# mode? MORE
There were plenty of good conversations, some case studies, and lots of idea sharing and thoughts around innovation and the future of learning in organisations. Last month I took part in the iVentiv Executive Knowledge Exchange event in New York. The two days of roundtable discussion were focused on ‘learning futures’. The event was attended by Chief Learning Officers and executives MORE
The post Crowdsourcing for social development and economic opportunity: Case study of Malaysia appeared first on Trends in the Living Networks. I am at the Digital Malaysia National Crowdsourcing Conference in Kuala Lumpur, where I gave the keynote this morning on the global crowdsourcing landscape and the opportunities for Malaysia. . It is fantastic to see what Malaysia is doing. MORE
Unlike the existing, web-based learning apps, in which you study in 5 to 10 item sessions that have a clear start and end, we want learning on the iPhone to feel continuous. Your study record (how many items you’ve gotten right or wrong today). Here are some visual wireframes showing how it’s coming together: Item progress is represented by a leaf’s “ripeness&# — the more you study an item, the greener it becomes. Case Study MORE
If you are interested in learning more about the work, we recently posted a case study on the project. Tags: Case Studies Ever wondered where your paycheck comes from? I mean, actually comes from? How it’s calculated and tracked? Printed? Deposited? How taxes are paid on it? Chances are, there’s a hardworking soul in your organization who tangles with payroll software on a regular basis — just to pay you! MORE
Instead of organizing content around topics, which people may study for many different reasons, content will soon be organized around Goals that people can form communities around. Case Study Part of the Smart.fm iPhone App Story. MORE
This is the first of three case studies that shows how courses are not the solution to every learning or performance problem. These posts have been adapted from posts that first appeared on my blog in 2010. The Sales Manager of a consumer electronics company was concerned about the length of time it was taking [.]. Social learning MORE
Read the Case Study: Driving a 75% Reduction in Translation Costs at Ford Motor Company. Read the full case study: “Driving a 75% Reduction in Translation Costs at Ford Motor Company.” The post Case Study: Driving a 75% Reduction in Translation Costs at Ford Motor Company appeared first on Xyleme Ford Motor Company — the second-largest automotive manufacturer in the U.S. MORE
Not yr same old social media NPO case study SLAM at #SMoP14 pic.twitter.com/j7Gp12hIRD. The panelists delivered their case studies and poems in three rounds, each with a sub-theme. Humberto Kam from the Monterrey Bay Aquarium and Cindy Johanson from Edutopia shared some case studies about storytelling and what inspires people to share your organization’s content. The final set of case studies discussed social media success and failure. MORE
There are many challenges, given that individuals are posting on the Queensland Police Facebook page, sometimes about things that are not officially in the public domain, however these are just dealt with on a case by case basis rather than in massive policy manuals. I hope that public sector organizations in particular look carefully at this case study on how valuable social media can be, if approached with the right attitude MORE
Case Study Part of the Smart.fm iPhone App Story. By our talented summer associate Dane Petersen. The smart.fm website offers a number of fun learning games that help you master all sorts of world knowledge, from Japanese to French to European birds. MORE
My midterm exam in Marketing Management at Harvard B-School was the Heinz Ketchup Case. The case included the demographics of buyers, the geographic spread of the market, and all manner of information about packaging options. The case asked the classic question, “What would you do?” You, the student, had just been appointed brand manager (we called it product manager back then) for the iconic red condiment. MORE
I'm looking to find lots of examples of where informal or social learning has been used successfully in the workplace and where it was led by the L&D organization. This can either be already written up, or it can be the name of a person and organization where it was done. Can you provide me pointers? If you would be more comfortable, feel free to send me information via an email: akarrer@techempower.com. eLearning Technology. MORE
All of the ideas generated were clustered and use cases for the smart.fm The next step was the organization of the resulting use cases into a mental model and the listing of application features under each mental space. Study : See what I need to do, do it, and see how I’m doing. MORE
Note: the 80/20 ratio for informal/formal was the case before networks kicked in. Thomas Reuters. Charles Jennings. Largest information company in the world. 70/20/10: 80% of learning takes place outside of class. Learning through experience: 70%. Learning from others: 20%. Learning formally: 10%. Think of your major lessons. They weren’t formal, were they? Social learning: sharing experiences. Jerome Bruner: difference between learning physics and being a physicist. MORE
Following Monday’s post, How to break out of the “course is the solution to every problem” mindset: make courses the exception rather than the rule, this is the second of three case studies that shows how courses are not the solution to every learning or performance problem. These case studies have been adapted from posts [.]. MORE
Another response to my request for topics asked about moving from the classroom to the ‘fringe’ Here, I have a very simple response: the case studies in Revolutionize Learning & Development. Jos Arets and Vivian Heijnin at Tulser talked through a case study working with a medical care organization. Coaching also played a role in the case study Jane Bozarth provided. MORE
” Leadership modeling is important. When they launched their staff as champion strategy, they had to make the case that it was worth the investment of their time. There are no better champions for your organization’s communication’s strategy than your staff. MORE
It draws on 16 excellent case studies of how to develop “metropolitan IQ” and a healthy “urban metabolism” (analogies I of course love), including both international and Australian examples. These are summarized below and described in detail in the paper : Case Study 1: New York – Chief Digital Officer – how NYC’s first CDO is driving digital innovation in the city. MORE
A while back I tweeted "Stop reading case study porn and get on with it". OK, maybe I am bit unfair with my dismissal of case studies but when I am asked if I know of companies who are doing really well with social tools I say "Less than you might expect, those who you know of were less successful than they claim, and why not become the one that really makes it work?". MORE
Established an Online Resource Repository (Decision Support Tools, Case Studies, Tools, Job Aids, & additional information sources). In 2010/2011 Jay Cross and I worked worked with a corporate university of a large US company with the objective to cultivate a fully engaged, high performing workforce through rapid, collaborative, informal, self-directed learning. MORE
In an excellent case study produced by Kineo about the line managers portal they developed with and for Marks and Spencer. What are your five case studies, examples or anecdotes that would help people put this topic in context? Links. Articles. Presentations. Photos. Discussions. Guestbook. Contact. Send Email. nigelpaine.com. Leadership. Learning. Technology. Links. Articles. Presentations. Photos. Discussions. Guestbook. Contact. Send Email. Navigation. Links. MORE
The chapter opens with an excellent case study of how Nick McMenemy uses crowd platforms to drive his startup Virdium. I gained plenty of insights and new ideas in my interview of him, which I condensed into the case study, reproduced below. Case study: How Nick McMenemy runs virtual teams. [This post first appeared on the Getting Results From Crowds book website]. MORE
At the conference I wrote about the case study of Queensland Police , which is a great example of government bodies creating value through social media. I’m at the launch meeting of the social media community of practice set up by Institute of Public Administration NSW (IPAA). MORE
Case Studies Gen ZAs you probably know, the Pope is visiting the United States this week in Washington, DC; Philadelphia; and New York City. While the crowds will gather on the ground for a change to touch the hand of Pontiff, there will be a lot of crowds online to celebrate his visit. MORE
A few weeks ago I read a two-part interview with Astro’s GM Jeff Luhnow, - an excellent case study for any leader seeking to learn from the Astros’ transformation, including the challenges involved and how to overcome them. This was the case in 2012 and 2013, the first two years of Astros’ transformation. MORE
This week we take a look at a new case study that explores metrics that can measure the intrinsic health of communities instead of looking purely at size as the defining barometer Creating successful online communities is still more art than science, yet techniques and frameworks are now emerging to turn social business into a real discipline. MORE
Case Study Related Topics Harold Jarche
FEBRUARY 23, 2018
Established an Online Resource Repository (Decision Support Tools, Case Studies, Tools, Job Aids, & additional information sources). In 2010/2011 Jay Cross and I worked worked with a corporate university of a large US company with the objective to cultivate a fully engaged, high performing workforce through rapid, collaborative, informal, self-directed learning.
Jay Cross
JUNE 2, 2013
My midterm exam in Marketing Management at Harvard B-School was the Heinz Ketchup Case. The case included the demographics of buyers, the geographic spread of the market, and all manner of information about packaging options. The case asked the classic question, “What would you do?” You, the student, had just been appointed brand manager (we called it product manager back then) for the iconic red condiment.
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Irving Wladawsky-Berger
JULY 16, 2018
A few weeks ago I read a two-part interview with Astro’s GM Jeff Luhnow, - an excellent case study for any leader seeking to learn from the Astros’ transformation, including the challenges involved and how to overcome them.
Xyleme
JANUARY 17, 2020
Read the Case Study: Driving a 75% Reduction in Translation Costs at Ford Motor Company. Read the full case study: “Driving a 75% Reduction in Translation Costs at Ford Motor Company.” The post Case Study: Driving a 75% Reduction in Translation Costs at Ford Motor Company appeared first on Xyleme Ford Motor Company — the second-largest automotive manufacturer in the U.S.
Irving Wladawsky-Berger
JULY 16, 2018
A few weeks ago I read a two-part interview with Astro’s GM Jeff Luhnow, - an excellent case study for any leader seeking to learn from the Astros’ transformation, including the challenges involved and how to overcome them. This was the case in 2012 and 2013, the first two years of Astros’ transformation.
Jay Cross
NOVEMBER 17, 2009
Note: the 80/20 ratio for informal/formal was the case before networks kicked in. Thomas Reuters. Charles Jennings. Largest information company in the world. 70/20/10: 80% of learning takes place outside of class. Learning through experience: 70%. Learning from others: 20%. Learning formally: 10%. Think of your major lessons. They weren’t formal, were they? Social learning: sharing experiences. Jerome Bruner: difference between learning physics and being a physicist.
Jane Hart
FEBRUARY 5, 2014
Following Monday’s post, How to break out of the “course is the solution to every problem” mindset: make courses the exception rather than the rule, this is the second of three case studies that shows how courses are not the solution to every learning or performance problem. These case studies have been adapted from posts [.].
Jane Hart
FEBRUARY 6, 2014
Following Monday’s post, How to break out of the “course is the solution to every problem” mindset: make courses the exception rather than the rule, this is the third of three case studies that shows how courses are not the solution to every learning or performance problem. These case studies have been adapted from posts [.].
Trends in the Living Networks
AUGUST 21, 2013
It draws on 16 excellent case studies of how to develop “metropolitan IQ” and a healthy “urban metabolism” (analogies I of course love), including both international and Australian examples. These are summarized below and described in detail in the paper : Case Study 1: New York – Chief Digital Officer – how NYC’s first CDO is driving digital innovation in the city.
Trends in the Living Networks
FEBRUARY 13, 2012
The chapter opens with an excellent case study of how Nick McMenemy uses crowd platforms to drive his startup Virdium. I gained plenty of insights and new ideas in my interview of him, which I condensed into the case study, reproduced below. Case study: How Nick McMenemy runs virtual teams. [This post first appeared on the Getting Results From Crowds book website].
Trends in the Living Networks
JULY 18, 2011
There are many challenges, given that individuals are posting on the Queensland Police Facebook page, sometimes about things that are not officially in the public domain, however these are just dealt with on a case by case basis rather than in massive policy manuals. I hope that public sector organizations in particular look carefully at this case study on how valuable social media can be, if approached with the right attitude
Trends in the Living Networks
JUNE 9, 2013
The post Crowdsourcing for social development and economic opportunity: Case study of Malaysia appeared first on Trends in the Living Networks. I am at the Digital Malaysia National Crowdsourcing Conference in Kuala Lumpur, where I gave the keynote this morning on the global crowdsourcing landscape and the opportunities for Malaysia. . It is fantastic to see what Malaysia is doing.
Trends in the Living Networks
MARCH 14, 2012
This evening I spoke at the Crowdfunding for Change event run by Avis Mulhall ‘s Think Act Change. The event kicked off with a presentations by Adam Chapnick , head of business development at seminal creative crowdfunding platform IndieGogo , and award-winning film director Gillian Leahy , followed by a panel consisting of myself together with Alan Crabbe, co-founder of leading Australian crowdfunding site Pozible , and Ryan Wardell, founder of ProjectPowerUp.
Tony Karrer
AUGUST 6, 2009
I'm looking to find lots of examples of where informal or social learning has been used successfully in the workplace and where it was led by the L&D organization. This can either be already written up, or it can be the name of a person and organization where it was done. Can you provide me pointers? If you would be more comfortable, feel free to send me information via an email: akarrer@techempower.com. eLearning Technology.
Trends in the Living Networks
DECEMBER 11, 2011
At the conference I wrote about the case study of Queensland Police , which is a great example of government bodies creating value through social media. I’m at the launch meeting of the social media community of practice set up by Institute of Public Administration NSW (IPAA).
Beth Kanter
MAY 28, 2014
Not yr same old social media NPO case study SLAM at #SMoP14 pic.twitter.com/j7Gp12hIRD. The panelists delivered their case studies and poems in three rounds, each with a sub-theme. Humberto Kam from the Monterrey Bay Aquarium and Cindy Johanson from Edutopia shared some case studies about storytelling and what inspires people to share your organization’s content. The final set of case studies discussed social media success and failure.
Trends in the Living Networks
OCTOBER 24, 2011
We are using brief case studies liberally through the book, however we need a few more to flesh it out. To offer your case study or experience, please use the contact form on crowdsourcingresults.com. We will attribute any case studies or quotes we use in the book to the person and company, and will check in with you if so on how we use it.
Dan Pontefract
SEPTEMBER 6, 2011
collaboration leadership case study CEO td canada trust tim hockey transparentI don’t own their shares. I have never worked for the company. I’m not aware of anyone within my strong or weak tie network that actually holds a position there either. The company I am referring to is TD Canada Trust. The CEO I’d like to highlight is Tim Hockey. Bottom line? He gets it. . Tim (may I call you Tim?)
Dan Pontefract
OCTOBER 20, 2014
SAP was kind enough to interview me and produce a case study related to the Pervasive Learning model at TELUS, and its alignment to culture and employee engagement. Christopher Koch, Editorial Director of the SAP Center for Business Insight, also wrote a post on LinkedIn touching on parts of the case study. You can download a copy of the case study by clicking here or on the graphic to the right. Pervasive Learning TELUS case study pervasive learning
Jay Cross
OCTOBER 7, 2008
Working Knowledge , an online forum from HBS, gave Professor Emeritus Jim Heskett a platform to raise the issue of the relevance of case study instruction. Heskett’s original article noted that “The case method has become synonymous with education for management. Traditional cases have come under fire for being self-contained documents that describe a protagonist facing a decision with a set of packaged data available on which to base the decision.â€.
Adaptive Path
JULY 22, 2009
Instead of organizing content around topics, which people may study for many different reasons, content will soon be organized around Goals that people can form communities around. Case Study Part of the Smart.fm iPhone App Story.
Jay Cross
OCTOBER 7, 2008
Jay Cross
OCTOBER 7, 2008
Beth Kanter
MARCH 24, 2015
” Leadership modeling is important. When they launched their staff as champion strategy, they had to make the case that it was worth the investment of their time. There are no better champions for your organization’s communication’s strategy than your staff.
Adaptive Path
JUNE 22, 2009
We clustered these characteristics and then used these as starting points for imagining use cases for the iPhone app. We voted on the top use cases and clustered them based on the mental “mode&# a user would be in when engaging in that activity: Are they in a “Study&# mode?
Tony Karrer
MAY 23, 2006
Let me set the context and then let excerpts from the emails tell the rest of the story. A company with a very good product (the leader in its category) asked its leading users to participate in a Beta program right around the time they were acquired.
Euen Semple
FEBRUARY 6, 2014
A while back I tweeted "Stop reading case study porn and get on with it". OK, maybe I am bit unfair with my dismissal of case studies but when I am asked if I know of companies who are doing really well with social tools I say "Less than you might expect, those who you know of were less successful than they claim, and why not become the one that really makes it work?".
Adaptive Path
JUNE 12, 2009
All of the ideas generated were clustered and use cases for the smart.fm The next step was the organization of the resulting use cases into a mental model and the listing of application features under each mental space. Study : See what I need to do, do it, and see how I’m doing.
Adaptive Path
JUNE 24, 2009
Case Study Part of the Smart.fm iPhone App Story. By our talented summer associate Dane Petersen. The smart.fm website offers a number of fun learning games that help you master all sorts of world knowledge, from Japanese to French to European birds.
Beth Kanter
SEPTEMBER 22, 2015
Case Studies Gen ZAs you probably know, the Pope is visiting the United States this week in Washington, DC; Philadelphia; and New York City. While the crowds will gather on the ground for a change to touch the hand of Pontiff, there will be a lot of crowds online to celebrate his visit.
Adaptive Path
JUNE 29, 2009
Unlike the existing, web-based learning apps, in which you study in 5 to 10 item sessions that have a clear start and end, we want learning on the iPhone to feel continuous. Your study record (how many items you’ve gotten right or wrong today). Here are some visual wireframes showing how it’s coming together: Item progress is represented by a leaf’s “ripeness&# — the more you study an item, the greener it becomes. Case Study
Adaptive Path
OCTOBER 29, 2009
They select a goal and begin studying it with the learning game Alexa described earlier. In addition, the user’s study progress needs to be synced back to the Smart.fm What if the user studied that same goal, or another one in the mean time… download that progress and figure out the user’s total progress across all goals. app that didn’t allow a user to study would be incomplete for sure. Case Study Part of the Smart.fm
Adaptive Path
AUGUST 25, 2009
Case Study Part of the Smart.fm iPhone App Story. We’ve been quiet lately, as we’ve been hard at work developing the Smart.fm iPhone app. Dan will be sharing more about his experiences soon! In the meantime, our friends at Smart.fm have proposed two panels for South by Southwest: Crash Course: Is E-ducation Making the Classroom Obsolete? and Going Mobile: Web to App Do’s and Don’ts.
Adaptive Path
DECEMBER 10, 2008
If you are interested in learning more about the work, we recently posted a case study on the project. Tags: Case Studies Ever wondered where your paycheck comes from? I mean, actually comes from? How it’s calculated and tracked? Printed? Deposited? How taxes are paid on it? Chances are, there’s a hardworking soul in your organization who tangles with payroll software on a regular basis — just to pay you!
Nigel Paine
JUNE 29, 2009
In an excellent case study produced by Kineo about the line managers portal they developed with and for Marks and Spencer. What are your five case studies, examples or anecdotes that would help people put this topic in context? Links. Articles. Presentations. Photos. Discussions. Guestbook. Contact. Send Email. nigelpaine.com. Leadership. Learning. Technology. Links. Articles. Presentations. Photos. Discussions. Guestbook. Contact. Send Email. Navigation. Links.
Dion Hinchcliffe
FEBRUARY 12, 2015
Case studies demonstrate that some of the world''s largest companies are now making advanced use of social tools in the way that they work. Is Europe leading the way? Enterprise 2.0
Dave Snowden
SEPTEMBER 2, 2020
If you want to create a popular method put 10% of your effort into content, 30% into assembling some popular case studies using retrospective coherence to justify said content, and then 60% into the graphics and a snappy title.
Charles Jennings
JUNE 22, 2011
There were plenty of good conversations, some case studies, and lots of idea sharing and thoughts around innovation and the future of learning in organisations. Last month I took part in the iVentiv Executive Knowledge Exchange event in New York. The two days of roundtable discussion were focused on ‘learning futures’. The event was attended by Chief Learning Officers and executives
Clark Quinn
JULY 20, 2008
Great case study information. Serena is Serene about Enterprise Facebook. Discusses Serena software's use of facebook and social media. GE’s Enterprise Collaboration Backbone | Collaboration 2.0 | ZDNet.com.
Clark Quinn
JANUARY 31, 2018
Another response to my request for topics asked about moving from the classroom to the ‘fringe’ Here, I have a very simple response: the case studies in Revolutionize Learning & Development. Jos Arets and Vivian Heijnin at Tulser talked through a case study working with a medical care organization. Coaching also played a role in the case study Jane Bozarth provided.
Euen Semple
OCTOBER 18, 2015
Reading yet another fictional case study rather than inspiring your own. I remember the sinking feeling those words triggered. You knew that you had lost their attention and they were resorting to diversionary tactics. So many documents are diversionary. Putting off doing something by writing a templated bit of business fluff. Faffing about with formatting and fonts rather than taking the leap and sharing what you have written.
Euen Semple
FEBRUARY 2, 2011
I find this format much more rewarding to read than your standard "good idea padded out with case studies" business book of which there are too many these days. I am currently romping my way through my preview copy of Hugh Macleod's new book Evil Plans. As with his previous book.
Dion Hinchcliffe
SEPTEMBER 28, 2011
This week we take a look at a new case study that explores metrics that can measure the intrinsic health of communities instead of looking purely at size as the defining barometer Creating successful online communities is still more art than science, yet techniques and frameworks are now emerging to turn social business into a real discipline.
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