The Tavistock Clinic, later Institute, which applied psychoanalytic theory to organizations. Chris Argyris’s concepts of defensive reasoning and Model 1 vs Model 2 organizations , published in the 1970s and 80s. The single biggest group of books and articles we read, though, had to do with business as a social system. In the 2.0

discussed the fact that there was a common Adoption Pattern that went from personal adoption to work groups to organization. – Personal => – Work group => – Organization I also discussed that often these things evolve into solutions. Rather, I've seen them sold based on specific uses that have obvious value to the organization.